why pihole and not public DNS?

I successfully set up my pi-hole on my Pi Zero 2 W.

During the installation process we selected a public DNS for the Pi-hole. Why do we need the Pi-hole in the first place if we could just point our router at the public DNS?

Does a Pi-hole have advanced filtering features that a public DNS does not, and--if there are--could you tell me how to improve on the basic installation I just completed?

Yes, and this is why Pi-hole is different than public DNS resolvers.

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The answer above answers this question

What do you think you need to improve?

Actually I think you didn't understand the installation step asking for an "Upstream DNS server".

Installing Pi-hole, all your devices will use Pi-hole as DNS server.

This means Pi-hole will filter all your DNS queries.
It will block some queries and it will allow others, but Pi-hole needs to use an upstream DNS server to be able to answer the allowed ones (the server you select during installation is the upstream).
Without the upstream DNS, nothing will be answered and all queries will fail.

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