I believe it to be 1000 seconds (~16 minutes):
$ man ntpd
[..]
-g Normally, ntpd exits with a message to the system log
if the offset exceeds the panic threshold, which is
1000 s by default. This option allows the time to be
set to any value without restriction; however, this
can happen only once. If the threshold is exceeded
after that, ntpd will exit with a message to the sys-
tem log. This option can be used with the -q and -x
options.
I recommend to factory default the Internet-->DNS4 & DNSv6 server settings and setup Fritzbox (FB) according to the official guide section "Pi-hole als DNS Server via DHCP an Clients verteilen (LAN Seite)":
That way the FB can sync time resolving via the ISP provided DNS servers independently from Pi-hole.
And you can configure the Pi with the FB IP using below NTP= directive (uncomment and enter FB IP):
$ sudo nano /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
[..]
#NTP=
FYI:
$ man timesyncd.conf
[..]
NTP=
A space-separated list of NTP server host names or IP
addresses. During runtime this list is combined with any
per-interface NTP servers acquired from systemd-
networkd.service(8). systemd-timesyncd will contact all
configured system or per-interface servers in turn, until
one responds. When the empty string is assigned, the list
of NTP servers is reset, and all prior assignments will
have no effect. This setting defaults to an empty list.
To apply above change:
sudo systemctl restart systemd-timesyncd.service
To check (wait a few seconds first to allow it to sync):
timedatectl
timedatectl timesync-status
Check below man page for reference:
man timedatectl
EDIT: Also see below: