For some reason Linux does not automatically append the local link interface (i.e. the interface on the client, not the DNS server) to the DNS' local link fe80:: address. On Windows clients it works fine.
The interface may also be the serial number (e.q. %2 instead of %eth0 or %wlan0).
2023-11-10 20:09:51 root@M-DNS:~# nslookup google.com fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07
;; UDP setup with fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07#53(fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07) for google.com failed: invalid file.
;; UDP setup with fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07#53(fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07) for google.com failed: invalid file.
;; UDP setup with fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07#53(fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07) for google.com failed: invalid file.
2023-11-10 20:10:02 root@M-DNS:~# nslookup google.com fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07%eth0
Server: fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07%eth0
Address: fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07%2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: google.com
Address: 142.250.179.174
Name: google.com
Address: 2a00:1450:400e:802::200e
2023-11-10 20:10:27 root@M-DNS:~# nslookup bing.com fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07%2
Server: fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07%2
Address: fe80::1:f0ff:fee7:9c07%2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: bing.com
Address: 13.107.21.200
Name: bing.com
Address: 204.79.197.200
Name: bing.com
Address: 2620:1ec:c11::200
Have not found a solution for my Debian clients yet.