If Pi-hole is doing DHCP instead of the router, and Pi-hole is failing, both DNS and DHCP will be down for the clients.
Its one and the same binary named pihole-FTL that does both.
So meddling with DHCP lease time is of no use.
If you use a dedicated Pi to run Pi-hole and dont customize too much, it can be a very reliable setup.
Mine (a Pi 1B with DHCP enabled) has been running for close to four years now without problems.
And if for some reason Pi-hole fails or if I need to perform maintenance, I just enable the DHCP service on the router again.