Did you also configure the Pi-hole IP in the router WAN/Internet DNS settings?
If so, you closed a partial DNS loop causing DNS queries to bounce back and fort endlessly until rate-limiting kicks in or resources are depleted.
Pi-hole --[CF]--> Router --
^ |
| |
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Check below for the recommended method to advertise the Pi-hole IP via the routers DHCP service:
Or if the router doesnt allow you to set DHCP service DNS, you can try below: