Your debug log shows that dnsmasq is running on port 53 - this will keep pihole-FTL from launching and binding to that port. With FTLDNS (as of V4.0), dnsmasq should not be running, as FTLDNS does the work previously done by dnsmasq.
*** [ DIAGNOSING ]: Ports in use
*:53 dnsmasq (IPv4)
*:53 dnsmasq (IPv6)
*:80 lighttpd (IPv4)
*:80 lighttpd (IPv6)
...
If pihole-FTL is running, you should typically see this (or something similar) in this section of the debug log, with pihole-FTL on ports 53 and 4711.
*** [ DIAGNOSING ]: Ports in use
...
*:53 pihole-FTL (IPv4)
*:53 pihole-FTL (IPv6)
127.0.0.1:4711 pihole-FTL (IPv4)
[::1]:4711 pihole-FTL (IPv6)
As a result of this, DNS resolution isn't occurring on the Pi-Hole:
*** [ DIAGNOSING ]: Name resolution (IPv4) using a random blocked domain and a known ad-serving domain
[✓] se-group.de is via localhost (127.0.0.1)
[✓] se-group.de is via Pi-hole (192.168.1.18)
Run this command to see what processes are on these ports and post the results:
Thanks! I found a similar suggestion (perhaps even from you?) in another help thread after I posted this, and disabling dnsmasq then restarting pihole-FTL fixed it for me.
Do you have any recommendations for how I can do bypasses for individual devices without dnsmasq?
Changing settings on the devices isn't a viable option here.; they're some else's phone, tablet, and laptop, and they're not always on my network. I had a pretty simple passthrough set up based on mac address before pihole 4, but I don't think it'll work without dnsmasq.