So I set up Pi-Hole to filter IPv6 DNS hostnames with the pi's DNS set to Cloudflare's DNS (https://1.1.1.1). My Pi itself has IPv6 access (ping google.com shows google's IPv6 address and traceroute works as well).
As for what actually is happening is Pi-Hole (or some setting on my Pi) might be preventing IPv6 DNS queries from "passing through." (I do have PiVPN installed).
Edit: I updated Pi-Hole to 4.0 and did another traceroute and got the same result (I also pinged my pi from my computer in cmd and it pings it but DNS still does not resolve; I am testing this by disabling IPv4).
You have IPv6 queries in the log, but the debugger was unable to resolve domains over IPv6:
*** [ DIAGNOSING ]: Name resolution (IPv6) using a random blocked domain and a known ad-serving domain
[✗] Failed to resolve view.atdmt.com.70892.9519.302br.net via localhost (::1)
[✗] Failed to resolve view.atdmt.com.70892.9519.302br.net via Pi-hole (2605:6000:1500:83d4:1129:a2bd:9c48:fccd)
[✓] doubleclick.com is 2607:f8b0:4000:811::200e via a remote, public DNS server (2001:4860:4860::8888)
Do you have multiple network interfaces on the device?