The issue I am facing:
All of a sudden, my devices could not connect to the internet anymore. Pi-hole however was connected and could e.g. update.
After enabling ipv6 support under DHCP (within pi-hole web settings), my devices could connect again to the internet. I am trying to understand what caused this issue.
Details about my system:
Everything was recently updated dun upgraded (after the internet issue occured). DHCP is disabled on my router.
It looks like you ran that on the Pi-hole itself. Try the same nslookup from another computer that should be using Pi-hole for its DNS.
Your DHCP range starts at .20 and ends at .254, with the Pi-hole itself taking .25. You really want to have the Pi-hole's static IP outside of the range of the DHCP server. For example something below .20 in this case. Perhaps Pi-hole's IP was conflicting with a DHCP client which had been assigned that address, leaving IPv6 as another way to talk around it.
You have a couple of discord-related entries added as adlists. You should deleted both of these because they are not adlists. If you want to whitelist or blacklist these items instead, you can do that from the Query Log with a single click when you see them there.