Thank you very much for that hint! Loosely followed this guide to disabled the dns-proxy of connmand:
https://www.reddit.com/r/pihole/comments/por9uo/network_after_upgrade_to_bullseye/
changing connman start file /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/connman.service
change from
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/connmand -n
to
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/connmand -n --nodnsproxy
reload config changes
systemctl daemon-reload
restart connman to free up port 53
systemctl restart connman.service
restart pihole-FTL
systemctl restart pihole-FTL.service
It is working again now!