The problem looks like it is external to Pi-hole, you can see that the status is Forwarded and the logs show that the upstreams are not responding to UDP.
2025-04-17 14:32:53.618 CEST [1764/T1792] ERROR: Cannot receive UDP DNS reply: Timeout - no response from upstream DNS server
2025-04-17 14:32:53.619 CEST [1764/T1792] INFO: Tried to resolve PTR "1.1.1.1.in-addr.arpa" on 127.0.0.1#53 (UDP)
2025-04-17 14:32:55.699 CEST [1764/T1792] ERROR: Cannot receive UDP DNS reply: Timeout - no response from upstream DNS server
2025-04-17 14:32:55.699 CEST [1764/T1792] INFO: Tried to resolve PTR "8.8.8.8.in-addr.arpa" on 127.0.0.1#53 (UDP)
2025-04-17 14:32:57.778 CEST [1764/T1792] ERROR: Cannot receive UDP DNS reply: Timeout - no response from upstream DNS server
2025-04-17 14:32:57.779 CEST [1764/T1792] INFO: Tried to resolve PTR "4.4.8.8.in-addr.arpa" on 127.0.0.1#53 (UDP)
The upstreams are configured to be:
Apr 17 14:32:49 dnsmasq[1764]: using nameserver 8.8.8.8#53
Apr 17 14:32:49 dnsmasq[1764]: using nameserver 1.1.1.1#53
Can you run your dig commands again but set the upstreams as the DNS server instead of Pi-hole? dig cbs.nl @8.8.8.8 and dig +tcp cbs.nl @8.8.8.8.