Your debug log shows a very small query database:
*** [ DIAGNOSING ]: Pi-hole FTL Query Database
-rw-r----- 1 pihole pihole 44K Mar 3 14:44 /etc/pihole/pihole-FTL.db
That would suggest that Pi-hole failed to create all required tables, matching your observation.
To have your Pi-hole create a fresh long-term query database, please try:
sudo systemctl stop pihole-FTL
sudo rm /etc/pihole/pihole-FTL.db
sudo systemctl start pihole-FTL