Strange Query Refused Only From Windows 11 Systems?

Not that new - diagnostic messages for Pi-hole's rate-limiting were introduced some five years ago when Pi-hole FTL v5.9, Web v5.6 and Core v5.4 released in September 2021, shortly after rate-limiting was introduced with Pi-hole FTL v5.7, and the default rate limit hasn't changed since it was introduced.

It would seem your particular Windows version is/was more chatty then previous ones.

If this persists, you could opt to change your Pi-hole's rate limit, but before you do so, you should attempt to control your client's behaviour.