Your topic seems similar to your older Ubuntu 22.04. Disable pihole feature not working. How to fix? - #8 by Bucking_Horn, while it somehow contradicts your recent Looks like my Pihole stopped working. Can be fixed?, where you observe Pi-hole not blocking anything, as 8.8.8.8 is being used for DNS instead of Pi-hole.
In that older topic, we had discovered an instance of dnsmasq running on the same machine as Pi-hole, which could cause unintended side effects (which may or may not contribute to your machine not using Pi-hole for DNS).
According to your most recent debug log, that is still the case.
Why do you still run another DNS resolver on the same machine as Pi-hole?