Some side notes upfront:
Avoid using pihole:latest for production use.
It's good for evalution and to get you started, but binding to a specific version will spare you from unintended upgrades by just restarting your container or rebooting your machine.
Port 443 isn't stritcly required by Pi-hole anymore, especially if you stick with Pi-hole's default NULL blocking mode (recommended).
As for your issue, there's nothing in your config that stands out, but then you are not showing us your whole configuration.
Just a guess:
Get rid of that .local domain portion and see if that would fix your issue.
local ist the domain name reserved for the mDNS protocol and shouldn't be used with DNS.
If you go by the specs, a query for *.local should never make it to any DNS server, but go to the mDNS multicast address:
Any DNS query for a name ending with ".local." MUST be sent to the
mDNS IPv4 link-local multicast address 224.0.0.251 (or its IPv6
equivalent FF02::FB).
Even if it's not related to your issue, it's still good to avoid it.
EDIT:
In addition, there seems to have been a problem with some recent Docker version itself when binding to port 53, see Docker unable to bind to port 53 - #14 by goo3r