Try run a tcpdump.
EDIT: Run below if not installed:
sudo apt install tcpdump
Example for how below:
Notice below lines in the dump (DORA):
DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover
DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Offer
DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request
DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK
You could also install Wireshark on the Windows PC to inspect if you have a full DORA exchange.
EDIT: On the Windows PC you'd have to run below first:
ipconfig /release
And if you run below afterwards, you'd expect to see a full DORA:
ipconfig /renew
I had to lookup how to do it with Wireshark.
You can use the same expression as with tcpdump in the Wireshark filter (dont forget to select an interface like I did):
(udp port 67 or udp port 68) and ether host XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
Replacing XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX above with the MAC address of the Windows ethernet NIC.
You can see that one if run below:
ipconfig /all
So you dont see any of the other network clients broadcasting for DHCP.