Did you read what it says on the page:
The server deb.debian.org does not have packages itself, but the name has SRV records in DNS that lets apt in stretch and later find places.
APT for Debian or Ubuntu etc will connect to those SRV records, if they exist, instead of A or AAAA DNS record(s):
Another example for the us.archive.ubuntu.com repo:
$ dig +short _http._tcp.us.archive.ubuntu.com srv
2 0 80 ubuntu-mirror-1.ps5.canonical.com.
2 0 80 ubuntu-mirror-2.ps5.canonical.com.
0 0 80 ubuntu-mirror-2.ps6.canonical.com.
0 0 80 ubuntu-mirror-1.ps6.canonical.com.