The issue is with how PHP allocates memory. PHP is doing the work here inside lighttpd. From your debug log:
2020-05-05 10:00:05: (mod_fastcgi.c.421) FastCGI-stderr: PHP Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 134217728 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 4096 bytes) in /var/www/html/admin/api_db.php on line 112
2020-05-05 10:00:28: (mod_fastcgi.c.421) FastCGI-stderr: PHP Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 134217728 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 4096 bytes) in /var/www/html/admin/api_db.php on line 112
2020-05-05 10:02:22: (mod_fastcgi.c.421) FastCGI-stderr: PHP Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 134217728 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 4096 bytes) in /var/www/html/admin/api_db.php on line 112
This thread may have some information of interest:
You can delete (or in the example below, move and save the existing copy) a database, although it is likely yours is not corrupted.
sudo service pihole-FTL stop
sudo mv /etc/pihole/pihole-FTL.db /etc/pihole/pihole-FTL-old.db
sudo service pihole-FTL start