While reading a bit more about DoH, I found some information about setting up the secondary DNS.
I always thought it would be a backup, but just found out that it is not.
The thing is I have pihole for my than a year and never had the feeling that is just the secondary DNS, which would mean no blocked ads. I used 8.8.8.8
This basically tells me that is only necessary to disable DoH in chrome when it detects a known DNS server.
So the reason why this might not be an issue for others is that they probably followed the suggestions in the link above and did not use a second DNS. In conclusion chrome should not use DoH.
I already deleted my secondary DNS server. However I’m a little bit concerned about what happens when my pihole instance goes down for some reason. No secondary DNS, no surfing websites. I know about the option to set up another pihole but this would be too high maintenance for me.